Post by The Astronomer on Mar 31, 2017 6:32:38 GMT
FUTURE ROCKETS:
FUSION/ANTIMATTER OVERHAUL
FUSION/ANTIMATTER OVERHAUL
(2 Jul 2017)
2017 Jun 11
+ Added 4p and DD reactions
+ Added antimatter reactions
+ Added monopropellant deuterium (explosive!)
+ Added basic antimatter components (electron, positron, proton and antiproton)
o No longer requires separate versions of deuterium for each bipropellant reaction
- Gamma rays removed from equation
2017 Jul 02
+ Added metallic hydrogen (explosive!)
2018 Feb 10
+ Added metastable helium (explosive!)
ChemicalReactions.txt
ChemicalReaction Metallic Hydrogen Reaction
Reactants Metallic Hydrogen
ReactantCounts 2
Products Hydrogen
ProductCounts 1
ActivationEnergy_kJ__mol 436
AutoignitionTemperature_K 1000
CharacteristicLength_m .889
ChemicalReaction Metastable Helium
Reactants Metastable Helium
ReactantCounts 1
Products Exhaust Helium
ProductCounts 1
ActivationEnergy_kJ__mol 0
AutoignitionTemperature_K 600
CharacteristicLength_m 1
ChemicalReaction Fusion proton-proton chain reaction
Reactants Proton (Fusion Reactant Monopropellant)
ReactantCounts 4
Products Helium
ProductCounts 1
ActivationEnergy_kJ__mol 1000000000
AutoignitionTemperature_K 232100000
CharacteristicLength_m 50
ChemicalReaction Fusion Deuterium Deuterium
Reactants Deuterium (Fusion Reactant Monopropellant)
ReactantCounts 2
Products Proton (Product) Monatomic Tritium
ProductCounts 1 1
ActivationEnergy_kJ__mol 4824266
AutoignitionTemperature_K 153000000
CharacteristicLength_m 50
ChemicalReaction Fusion Deuterium Tritium
Reactants Deuterium (Fusion Reactant) Tritium (Fusion Reactant)
ReactantCounts 1 1
Products Helium
ProductCounts 1
ActivationEnergy_kJ__mol 4824266
AutoignitionTemperature_K 153000000
CharacteristicLength_m 50
ChemicalReaction Fusion Deuterium Helium-3
Reactants Deuterium (Fusion Reactant) Helium-3 (Fusion Reactant)
ReactantCounts 1 1
Products Proton (Product) Helium
ProductCounts 1 1
ActivationEnergy_kJ__mol 19297066
AutoignitionTemperature_K 232100000
CharacteristicLength_m 50
ChemicalReaction Fusion proton Boron-11
Reactants Proton (Fusion Reactant) Boron-11 (Fusion Reactant)
ReactantCounts 1 1
Products Helium
ProductCounts 3
ActivationEnergy_kJ__mol 239262804
AutoignitionTemperature_K 1320000000
CharacteristicLength_m 50
ChemicalReaction Matter-Antimatter Proton Antiproton
Reactants Proton (Antimatter Reactant) Antiproton (Antimatter Reactant)
ReactantCounts 1 1
Products Electron (Product) Positron (Product)
ProductCounts 1 1
ActivationEnergy_kJ__mol 0
AutoignitionTemperature_K 1000000000
CharacteristicLength_m 50
Ceramics.txt
Material Shielded Superconducting Magnetic Nozzle
Elements Nb Sn W He N Na Al C
ElementCount 3 1 6 10 7 5 5 3
Density_kg__m3 4500
YieldStrength_MPa 1000000
Cost_c__kg 300
UltimateTensileStrength_MPa 1000000
YoungsModulus_GPa 410
ShearModulus_GPa 161
SpecificHeat_J__kg_K 500
MeltingPoint_K 500000000000
ThermalConductivity_W__m_K 100000
ThermalExpansion__K 1e-10
Resistivity_Ohm_m 1e-10
RefractiveIndex Tungsten
RoughnessCoefficient .9
Elements.txt
Element Electron
Symbol e-
AtomicMass 1
AtomicNumber 1
MolarMass_g__mol 0.00055
IsANonmetal true
FirstIonizationEnergy_kJ__mol 1312.0
MicroscopicThermalNeutronCaptureCrossSection_b .294
MicroscopicThermalNeutronScatteringCrossSection_b 28.966
MicroscopicFastNeutronCaptureCrossSection_b 3.96e-5
MicroscopicFastNeutronScatteringCrossSection_b 3.99
MicroscopicResonanceIntegralCaptureCrossSection_b .149
MicroscopicResonanceIntegralScatteringCrossSection_b 240.23
SolarAbundance 4e10
Emission Hydrogen
Element Positron
Symbol e+
AtomicMass 1
AtomicNumber 1
MolarMass_g__mol 0.00055
IsANonmetal true
FirstIonizationEnergy_kJ__mol 1312.0
MicroscopicThermalNeutronCaptureCrossSection_b .294
MicroscopicThermalNeutronScatteringCrossSection_b 28.966
MicroscopicFastNeutronCaptureCrossSection_b 3.96e-5
MicroscopicFastNeutronScatteringCrossSection_b 3.99
MicroscopicResonanceIntegralCaptureCrossSection_b .149
MicroscopicResonanceIntegralScatteringCrossSection_b 240.23
SolarAbundance 5e-2
Emission Hydrogen
Element Proton
Symbol p+
AtomicMass 1
AtomicNumber 1
MolarMass_g__mol 1.0073
IsANonmetal true
FirstIonizationEnergy_kJ__mol 1312.0
MicroscopicThermalNeutronCaptureCrossSection_b .294
MicroscopicThermalNeutronScatteringCrossSection_b 28.966
MicroscopicFastNeutronCaptureCrossSection_b 3.96e-5
MicroscopicFastNeutronScatteringCrossSection_b 3.99
MicroscopicResonanceIntegralCaptureCrossSection_b .149
MicroscopicResonanceIntegralScatteringCrossSection_b 240.23
SolarAbundance 4e10
Emission Hydrogen
Element Antiproton
Symbol p-
AtomicMass 1
AtomicNumber 1
MolarMass_g__mol 1.0073
IsANonmetal true
FirstIonizationEnergy_kJ__mol 1312.0
MicroscopicThermalNeutronCaptureCrossSection_b .294
MicroscopicThermalNeutronScatteringCrossSection_b 28.966
MicroscopicFastNeutronCaptureCrossSection_b 3.96e-5
MicroscopicFastNeutronScatteringCrossSection_b 3.99
MicroscopicResonanceIntegralCaptureCrossSection_b .149
MicroscopicResonanceIntegralScatteringCrossSection_b 240.23
SolarAbundance 5e-2
Emission Hydrogen
Element Antihydrogen
Symbol aH
AtomicMass 1
AtomicNumber 1
MolarMass_g__mol 1.0079
IsANonmetal true
FirstIonizationEnergy_kJ__mol 1312.0
MicroscopicThermalNeutronCaptureCrossSection_b .294
MicroscopicThermalNeutronScatteringCrossSection_b 28.966
MicroscopicFastNeutronCaptureCrossSection_b 3.96e-5
MicroscopicFastNeutronScatteringCrossSection_b 3.99
MicroscopicResonanceIntegralCaptureCrossSection_b .149
MicroscopicResonanceIntegralScatteringCrossSection_b 240.23
SolarAbundance 1e-2
Emission Hydrogen
Fusiles.txt
Material Helium-3 (Fusion Reactant)
Elements He-3
ElementCount 1
Density_kg__m3 125
EnthalpyOfFormation_kJ__mol 1304827073
BondDissociationEnergy_kJ__mol 0
GibbsFreeEnergyOfFormation_kJ__mol 0
MeltingPoint_K .95
BoilingPoint_K 4.222
SpecificHeat_J__kg_K 5193.12
ThermalConductivity_W__m_K .1513
Viscosity_Pa_s .000019
Resistivity_Ohm_m 1e-8
Material Metastable Helium
Elements He
ElementCount 1
Density_kg__m3 300
EnthalpyOfFormation_kJ__mol 1600
BondDissociationEnergy_kJ__mol 0
GibbsFreeEnergyOfFormation_kJ__mol 0
MeltingPoint_K 1.2
BoilingPoint_K 600
SpecificHeat_J__kg_K 5193.12
ThermalConductivity_W__m_K 72.4
Viscosity_Pa_s .000019
RelativePermeability .9999999941
Resistivity_Ohm_m 1
RefractiveIndex Helium
Material Exhaust Helium
Elements He
ElementCount 1
Density_kg__m3 70.85
EnthalpyOfFormation_kJ__mol 0
BondDissociationEnergy_kJ__mol 0
GibbsFreeEnergyOfFormation_kJ__mol 0
ThermalConductivity_W__m_K 1815
SpecificHeat_J__kg_K 5193.12
RefractiveIndex Helium
Material Boron-11 (Fusion Reactant)
Elements B
ElementCount 1
Density_kg__m3 2080
EnthalpyOfFormation_kJ__mol 192681203
MeltingPoint_K 2349
BoilingPoint_K 4200
ThermalConductivity_W__m_K 27.4
SpecificHeat_J__kg_K 1025.62
Viscosity_Pa_s 1.77e-4
RefractiveIndex Boron
Dissociation
Products Monatomic Boron
ProductCounts 1
Ions.txt
Material Electron (Product)
Elements e-
ElementCount 1
Density_kg__m3 10
EnthalpyOfFormation_kJ__mol 0
BondDissociationEnergy_kJ__mol 0
GibbsFreeEnergyOfFormation_kJ__mol 203.3
BulkModulus_GPa .1130
MeltingPoint_K 14.01
BoilingPoint_K 20.28
SpecificHeat_J__kg_K 20636.15
ThermalConductivity_W__m_K 1815
Viscosity_Pa_s 8.76e-6
RelativePermeability .9999999751
DielectricStrength_MV__m 1.95
RefractiveIndex Hydrogen
Material Positron (Product)
Elements e+
ElementCount 1
Density_kg__m3 10
EnthalpyOfFormation_kJ__mol 0
BondDissociationEnergy_kJ__mol 0
GibbsFreeEnergyOfFormation_kJ__mol 203.3
BulkModulus_GPa .1130
MeltingPoint_K 14.01
BoilingPoint_K 20.28
SpecificHeat_J__kg_K 20636.15
ThermalConductivity_W__m_K 1815
Viscosity_Pa_s 8.76e-6
RelativePermeability .9999999751
DielectricStrength_MV__m 1.95
RefractiveIndex Hydrogen
Material Proton (Product)
Elements p+
ElementCount 1
Density_kg__m3 70.85
EnthalpyOfFormation_kJ__mol 0
BondDissociationEnergy_kJ__mol 0
GibbsFreeEnergyOfFormation_kJ__mol 203.3
BulkModulus_GPa .1130
MeltingPoint_K 14.01
BoilingPoint_K 20.28
SpecificHeat_J__kg_K 20636.15
ThermalConductivity_W__m_K 1815
Viscosity_Pa_s 8.76e-6
RelativePermeability .9999999751
DielectricStrength_MV__m 1.95
RefractiveIndex Hydrogen
Material Proton (Fusion Reactant)
Elements p+
ElementCount 1
Density_kg__m3 70.85
EnthalpyOfFormation_kJ__mol 644811457
BondDissociationEnergy_kJ__mol 0
GibbsFreeEnergyOfFormation_kJ__mol 203.3
BulkModulus_GPa .1130
MeltingPoint_K 14.01
BoilingPoint_K 20.28
SpecificHeat_J__kg_K 20636.15
ThermalConductivity_W__m_K 1815
Viscosity_Pa_s 8.76e-6
RelativePermeability .9999999751
DielectricStrength_MV__m 1.95
RefractiveIndex Hydrogen
Material Proton (Antimatter Reactant)
Elements p+
ElementCount 1
Density_kg__m3 70.85
EnthalpyOfFormation_kJ__mol 60111584093
BondDissociationEnergy_kJ__mol 0
GibbsFreeEnergyOfFormation_kJ__mol 203.3
BulkModulus_GPa .1130
MeltingPoint_K 14.01
BoilingPoint_K 20.28
SpecificHeat_J__kg_K 20636.15
ThermalConductivity_W__m_K 1815
Viscosity_Pa_s 8.76e-6
RelativePermeability .9999999751
DielectricStrength_MV__m 1.95
RefractiveIndex Hydrogen
Material Antiproton (Antimatter Reactant)
Elements p-
ElementCount 1
Density_kg__m3 70.85
EnthalpyOfFormation_kJ__mol 60111584093
BondDissociationEnergy_kJ__mol 0
GibbsFreeEnergyOfFormation_kJ__mol 203.3
BulkModulus_GPa .1130
MeltingPoint_K 14.01
BoilingPoint_K 20.28
SpecificHeat_J__kg_K 20636.15
ThermalConductivity_W__m_K 1815
Viscosity_Pa_s 8.76e-6
RelativePermeability .9999999751
DielectricStrength_MV__m 1.95
RefractiveIndex Hydrogen
Material Proton (Fusion Reactant Monopropellant)
Elements p+
ElementCount 1
Density_kg__m3 70.85
EnthalpyOfFormation_kJ__mol 644811457
BondDissociationEnergy_kJ__mol 0
GibbsFreeEnergyOfFormation_kJ__mol 203.3
BulkModulus_GPa .1130
MeltingPoint_K 14.01
BoilingPoint_K 20.28
SpecificHeat_J__kg_K 20636.15
ThermalConductivity_W__m_K 1815
Viscosity_Pa_s 8.76e-6
RelativePermeability .9999999751
DielectricStrength_MV__m 1.95
RefractiveIndex Hydrogen
Material Metallic Hydrogen
Elements H
ElementCount 1
Density_kg__m3 700
EnthalpyOfFormation_kJ__mol 217.88995
BondDissociationEnergy_kJ__mol 435.7799
GibbsFreeEnergyOfFormation_kJ__mol 0
BulkModulus_GPa .1130
MeltingPoint_K 14.01
BoilingPoint_K 20.28
SpecificHeat_J__kg_K 14310
ThermalConductivity_W__m_K .1085
Viscosity_Pa_s 8.76e-6
RelativePermeability .9999999751
DielectricStrength_MV__m 1.95
RefractiveIndex Hydrogen
Material Deuterium (Fusion Reactant)
Elements D
ElementCount 1
Density_kg__m3 162.4
EnthalpyOfFormation_kJ__mol 23341731
BondDissociationEnergy_kJ__mol 0
GibbsFreeEnergyOfFormation_kJ__mol 160.788
MeltingPoint_K 18.73
BoilingPoint_K 23.67
ThermalConductivity_W__m_K .13007
SpecificHeat_J__kg_K 10327.18
Viscosity_Pa_s 12.6e-6
RefractiveIndex Deuterium
Material Deuterium (Fusion Reactant Monopropellant)
Elements D
ElementCount 1
Density_kg__m3 162.4
EnthalpyOfFormation_kJ__mol 23341731
BondDissociationEnergy_kJ__mol 0
GibbsFreeEnergyOfFormation_kJ__mol 160.788
MeltingPoint_K 18.73
BoilingPoint_K 23.67
ThermalConductivity_W__m_K .13007
SpecificHeat_J__kg_K 10327.18
Viscosity_Pa_s 12.6e-6
RefractiveIndex Deuterium
Material Tritium (Fusion Reactant)
Elements T
ElementCount 1
Density_kg__m3 220
EnthalpyOfFormation_kJ__mol 197052953
BondDissociationEnergy_kJ__mol 446.67
GibbsFreeEnergyOfFormation_kJ__mol 0
BulkModulus_GPa .1130
MeltingPoint_K 20.62
BoilingPoint_K 25.04
ThermalConductivity_W__m_K .13007
SpecificHeat_J__kg_K 5200
Viscosity_Pa_s 12.6e-6
RefractiveIndex Hydrogen
Material Monatomic Boron
Elements B
ElementCount 1
Density_kg__m3 771
EnthalpyOfFormation_kJ__mol 560.0
BondDissociationEnergy_kJ__mol 0
GibbsFreeEnergyOfFormation_kJ__mol 516.0
SpecificHeat_J__kg_K 2059.01
RefractiveIndex Boron
Links
Deuterium + Helium-3 Fusion ( The Astronomer )
Boron-11 + Proton Fusion ( nerd1000 )
Metallic Hydrogen ( The Astronomer )
Bottom Quark Quarksplosion ( The Astronomer )
Metastable Helium ( RiftandRend )
Monopole Engine Efficiency ( Kerr )
Tutorial: Fusion
ChemicalReaction Deuterium Helium-3 Fusion
Reactants Rocket Deuterium Rocket Helium-3
ReactantCounts 1 2
Products Hydrogen Helium
ProductCounts 1 2
//do not forget that the 'hydrogen' here is a placeholder of proton. As hydrogen is diatomic, make sure you multiple other reactants and products with two.
ActivationEnergy_kJ__mol 2122677.249
//some data can be found here. Convert the eV into J (multiply with 1.602176565e-19), then divide by 1,000 to get kJ, then multiply it with Avogadro's number (6.022140857e+23).
AutoignitionTemperature_K 232100000
//fusion temp.
CharacteristicLength_m 50 //does not affect the reaction, but the length of the chamber.
Reactants Rocket Deuterium Rocket Helium-3
ReactantCounts 1 2
Products Hydrogen Helium
ProductCounts 1 2
//do not forget that the 'hydrogen' here is a placeholder of proton. As hydrogen is diatomic, make sure you multiple other reactants and products with two.
ActivationEnergy_kJ__mol 2122677.249
//some data can be found here. Convert the eV into J (multiply with 1.602176565e-19), then divide by 1,000 to get kJ, then multiply it with Avogadro's number (6.022140857e+23).
AutoignitionTemperature_K 232100000
//fusion temp.
CharacteristicLength_m 50 //does not affect the reaction, but the length of the chamber.
Material Rocket Deuterium
Elements D
ElementCount 2
Density_kg__m3 162.4
EnthalpyOfFormation_kJ__mol 841173575.55
//some data can be found here. Convert the eV into J (multiply with 1.602176565e-19), then divide by 1,000 to get kJ, then multiply it with Avogadro's number (6.022140857e+23). Make sure that the sum of both reactants' value equals the value of the number you've just calculated.
BondDissociationEnergy_kJ__mol 443.3197
GibbsFreeEnergyOfFormation_kJ__mol 0
MeltingPoint_K 18.73
BoilingPoint_K 23.67
ThermalConductivity_W__m_K .13007
SpecificHeat_J__kg_K 5200
Viscosity_Pa_s 12.6e-6
RefractiveIndex Deuterium
Dissociation
Products Monatomic Deuterium
ProductCounts 2
Elements D
ElementCount 2
Density_kg__m3 162.4
EnthalpyOfFormation_kJ__mol 841173575.55
//some data can be found here. Convert the eV into J (multiply with 1.602176565e-19), then divide by 1,000 to get kJ, then multiply it with Avogadro's number (6.022140857e+23). Make sure that the sum of both reactants' value equals the value of the number you've just calculated.
BondDissociationEnergy_kJ__mol 443.3197
GibbsFreeEnergyOfFormation_kJ__mol 0
MeltingPoint_K 18.73
BoilingPoint_K 23.67
ThermalConductivity_W__m_K .13007
SpecificHeat_J__kg_K 5200
Viscosity_Pa_s 12.6e-6
RefractiveIndex Deuterium
Dissociation
Products Monatomic Deuterium
ProductCounts 2